Actitis hypoleucos, commonly known as the Common Sandpiper, is native to the Palearctic region. Its geographical distribution includes Europe, Asia, and parts of northern Africa. During breeding seasons, it is found across temperate regions of Europe and Asia, extending from the United Kingdom and parts of Norway in the west to eastern Russia and China in the east.

The Common Sandpiper typically inhabits the shores of freshwater bodies, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well as coastal areas during migration and wintering. It prefers habitats with open mudflats or sandy and pebbly shores where it can forage for food. The species thrives in temperate climates during the breeding season, characterized by mild to warm temperatures and moderate precipitation. In winter, it migrates to tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, southern Asia, and Australia, where the climate is warmer.

The Common Sandpiper is primarily an insectivore, feeding on small invertebrates, insects, and crustaceans found in the mud and shallow water. It plays a role in controlling insect populations and contributes to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Due to its migratory nature, the species adapts to various ecological niches throughout the year, showcasing flexibility in habitat use between breeding and non-breeding seasons.