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Long-tailed Tit
The Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) is a small, charismatic bird known for its extraordinarily long tail, which often exceeds the length of its body. These highly social birds are commonly found flitting through woodlands and hedgerows in large, noisy flocks, except during the breeding season. They play an important ecological role as insectivores, helping to control populations of various invertebrates. While not possessing significant cultural symbolism in the way some larger birds do, their endearing appearance and lively behavior make them a favorite among birdwatchers.
13-16 cm
Length
16-19 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Widespread across Europe and Asia, extending from the British Isles and Iberia in the west to Japan and Korea in the east. Found in temperate and boreal regions, with some populations migrating south for the winter. Absent from the extreme north and some Mediterranean islands.
Lifespan
Typically 2-3 years in the wild, but can reach up to 8 years.
Long-tailed Tit's Habitat
Habitat Types
Deciduous woodlands, Mixed forests, Hedgerows, Parks, Gardens, Scrubland
Climate Zones
Temperate, Boreal, Continental
Adaptations
Their small size and agility allow them to forage effectively in dense vegetation. Their long tail aids in balance while navigating branches. They have a high metabolic rate to cope with cold temperatures, requiring frequent feeding.
Variations
Numerous subspecies exist (around 19), differing mainly in head and breast coloration. For example, *A. c. caudatus* in northern Europe has a pure white head, while *A. c. rosaceus* in the British Isles has darker streaks on the head.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Little difference between breeding and non-breeding plumage. Adults generally have a black, white, and pinkish-brown plumage.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Minimal seasonal variation. Plumage may appear slightly duller after molting.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females are visually similar, although subtle differences in the intensity of pink coloration may be present.
Notable Features
Extremely long tail, often longer than the body., Small, rounded body., Black and white head with a broad black stripe above the eye (except in some subspecies)., Pinkish-brown flanks and underparts.
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Insects, Spiders, Insect larvae, Small seeds, Berries (occasionally)
Foraging Behavior
Highly active foragers, constantly moving through trees and shrubs in search of food. They often hang upside down to glean insects from the undersides of leaves and branches. They are known to form mixed-species feeding flocks with other small birds, such as tits and warblers.
Specializations
Their small, pointed beaks are well-suited for picking small insects and spiders from crevices and foliage.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Primarily insectivorous during the breeding season. In winter, they consume more seeds and may visit bird feeders, especially those offering suet or fat balls.
Behavior
Social Structure
Highly social outside of the breeding season, forming flocks of up to 30 birds, often consisting of family groups. During breeding, they become more territorial, but may still engage in cooperative breeding.
Communication
High-pitched 'see-see-see' calls., A trilling 'sirrut-sirrut-sirrut' call., Soft 'tup' contact calls within the flock.
Migration
Most populations are resident or only undertake short-distance movements in response to harsh weather. Some northern populations may migrate south for the winter.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
During the breeding season, pairs defend a small territory around the nest. Outside of breeding, flocks maintain a loose home range. Roosting is communal, with birds huddling together for warmth.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and urbanization., Severe winters can cause significant mortality., Pesticide use may reduce insect prey availability., Predation by domestic cats and birds of prey.
Protection Programs
General habitat protection measures benefit this species., Some agri-environment schemes promote hedgerow management, providing suitable habitat.
Local National Laws
Protected under various national wildlife protection laws across its range, such as the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 in the UK.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Global population estimated to be 10-100 million individuals (BirdLife International).
Interesting Facts
Their nests are incredibly elastic.
The use of spider silk allows the nest to expand as the chicks grow.
They are one of the smallest birds in Europe.
Excluding their tail, their body is only slightly larger than a hummingbird's.
They often huddle together at night to conserve heat.
This communal roosting behavior is particularly important during cold winter nights.
Long-tailed Tits are known for their cooperative breeding.
This means that besides the parents, other adult birds, usually relatives, will help raise the young.
Faqs about Long-tailed Tit
What should I do if I find a Long-tailed Tit nest?
Observe from a distance and avoid disturbing the nest. It is illegal to intentionally damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird in many countries.
Are Long-tailed Tits related to other tits, like Blue Tits?
They belong to a separate family, Aegithalidae, and are not closely related to tits in the Paridae family (such as Blue Tits and Great Tits).
How can I attract Long-tailed Tits to my garden?
Provide a variety of food, especially suet and fat balls, during the winter. Planting native trees and shrubs that support insect life will also help.
Why do Long-tailed Tits have such long tails?
The long tail likely helps with balance and maneuverability while foraging in dense vegetation.
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