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Orange-winged Amazon
The Orange-winged Amazon (*Amazona amazonica*) is a vibrant and relatively common parrot species found throughout much of tropical South America. Known for its striking green plumage, distinctive orange wing speculum, and blue and yellow facial markings, it plays a vital role in its ecosystem as a seed disperser. While not considered globally threatened, localized populations face pressures from habitat loss and the pet trade. The species has some cultural significance, often depicted in local art and sometimes kept as a companion animal, though this practice is increasingly regulated.
31-34 cm
Length
Not Evaluated cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Widely distributed across northern and central South America, including Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It has also been introduced to Trinidad and Tobago. It is generally found at lower elevations, rarely exceeding 600 meters.
Lifespan
Typically 20-30 years in the wild; up to 50 years or more in captivity with proper care.
Orange-winged Amazon's Habitat
Habitat Types
Tropical rainforests, Savannas, Mangrove swamps, Gallery forests, Partially cleared areas with scattered trees
Climate Zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Adaptations
Their strong beaks are adapted for cracking hard nuts and seeds. They are also agile climbers, using their beaks and feet to navigate through dense forest canopies. They are generalist, so they can live in various habitats.
Variations
Two subspecies are generally recognized: *A. a. amazonica* (the nominate subspecies) and *A. a. tobagensis* (found in Trinidad and Tobago, often slightly larger).
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Little to no difference between breeding and non-breeding plumage.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Minimal seasonal variation.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females are visually very similar; subtle differences in head shape and cere color may be present but are not always reliable indicators.
Notable Features
Bright green overall plumage, Orange speculum (patch on secondary flight feathers, visible in flight), Blue lores (area between eyes and beak) and forehead, Yellow cheeks and crown (extent varies), Dark blue tips on flight feathers
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Fruits, Seeds, Nuts, Berries, Flowers, Leaf buds
Foraging Behavior
Forages primarily in the canopy of trees, often in small flocks. They are known to be noisy feeders, dropping partially eaten fruit and seeds to the forest floor.
Specializations
Strong beak for cracking hard nuts and seeds. Their zygodactyl feet (two toes pointing forward, two backward) provide excellent grip for manipulating food.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet varies depending on the availability of fruits and seeds throughout the year. During times of fruit scarcity, they may consume more flowers and leaf buds.
Behavior
Social Structure
Typically found in pairs or small flocks, especially outside of the breeding season. Larger flocks may gather at abundant food sources or roosting sites.
Communication
Loud, raucous calls, Screeches, Whistles, Chattering, Visual displays (e.g., head bobbing, wing flicking)
Migration
Generally non-migratory, but may undertake local movements in response to food availability.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Pairs defend their nesting territory during the breeding season. Outside of breeding, they are generally social and tolerant of other individuals.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (deforestation for agriculture and logging), Capture for the pet trade (although now regulated in many areas), Hunting for food (in some regions)
Protection Programs
CITES Appendix II (regulates international trade), Protected areas (national parks and reserves) within their range, Community-based conservation initiatives in some areas
Local National Laws
Protected by national laws in many countries within its range, prohibiting hunting and trapping.
Population Trend
Decreasing
Population Estimates
While still relatively common, the global population is thought to be declining, although precise estimates are difficult to obtain.
Interesting Facts
They are known for their playful behavior.
Both in the wild and in captivity, they are known to engage in play, including object manipulation and social interactions.
They can mimic human speech.
Like many parrots, Orange-winged Amazons have the capacity to learn and repeat words and phrases, although their clarity varies.
They are important seed dispersers.
By consuming fruits and carrying seeds to different locations, they contribute to forest regeneration.
They often fly in pairs.
These parrots frequently maintain close pair bonds and fly side by side, even within larger flocks.
Faqs about Orange-winged Amazon
Are Orange-winged Amazons good pets?
While they can be affectionate and intelligent companions, they require a significant commitment of time, space, and specialized care. They are also loud and can be destructive if their needs are not met. Potential owners should research their needs thoroughly and consider adopting from a rescue organization. Consult an avian veterinarian or parrot behaviorist for expert advice.
What is the biggest threat to Orange-winged Amazons?
Habitat loss due to deforestation is the primary threat to their long-term survival. The pet trade, while regulated, also continues to impact some populations.
How can I tell the difference between a male and female Orange-winged Amazon?
It is very difficult to visually distinguish between male and female Orange-winged Amazons. DNA sexing or surgical sexing by a veterinarian are the most reliable methods.
How long do they live?
They can live for 20-30 years in the wild, and potentially much longer (50+ years) in captivity with proper care.
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