Anaxyrus americanus, commonly known as the American toad, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution extends through eastern Canada and the eastern United States. It is typically found from the northeastern regions of the United States and adjacent parts of Canada, stretching westward to North Dakota and down south to parts of Texas and Florida.

The American toad inhabits a variety of environments including forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and suburban gardens. It prefers moist environments but is adaptable to drier conditions, especially during its terrestrial adult phase. Important habitat characteristics include access to freshwater for breeding, such as ponds, streams, and shallow pools.

Ecologically, Anaxyrus americanus plays a significant role as both predator and prey within its ecosystem. It helps control insect populations, consuming a diet rich in insects and other small invertebrates. The toad is also a crucial prey species for a variety of predators including snakes, birds, and mammals. The species is nocturnal, which influences its role and interactions within its habitat.