Anguis fragilis, commonly known as the slow worm or blindworm, is native to Europe and parts of Western Asia. Its geographical distribution extends from the British Isles through most of mainland Europe, including Scandinavia, and reaches as far east as the Caucasus and western regions of Turkey and Iran.

The slow worm typically inhabits temperate regions with a preference for areas that offer moist and sheltered conditions. It is commonly found in grasslands, gardens, hedgerows, woodlands, and heathlands. The species thrives in environments where there is available cover such as leaf litter, undergrowth, stones, or logs, which provide protection from predators and extreme weather conditions.

Anguis fragilis occupies the ecological niche of a burrowing, ground-dwelling reptile. It primarily feeds on small invertebrates, such as slugs, worms, and insects, playing a role in controlling these populations. Its habitat preferences and behaviors reflect adaptations to avoid predation and temperature extremes, including its ability to burrow and its cryptic coloration that blends with the surrounding environment.