Antheraea polyphemus, commonly known as the Polyphemus moth, is a North American giant silk moth. It boasts a wingspan of up to 6 inches and is recognized by its large, purplish eyespots on each hindwing. These moths are nocturnal and have a short adult lifespan focused on reproduction.

Antheraea polyphemus, commonly known as the Polyphemus moth, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution extends across the continent, from southern Canada through the United States and into northern Mexico.

The Polyphemus moth typically inhabits deciduous forests, wooded areas, and urban regions where their host plants are abundant. These environments are characterized by temperate climates with distinct seasonal changes, which influence the life cycle and behavior of the moth.

Antheraea polyphemus primarily occupies the niche of a folivorous (leaf-eating) species during its larval stage. The larvae feed on a wide variety of trees and shrubs, including oak, maple, birch, willow, and fruit trees. As a nocturnal species, adult Polyphemus moths are active at night, contributing to pollination, although they do not feed during this stage. Their presence in diverse habitats reflects their adaptability to various ecological niches within their geographical range.