The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is native to North America. Its primary geographical distribution includes the eastern half of the United States and southern Canada during the breeding season. During the non-breeding season, it migrates to Central America, particularly the Gulf Coast of the United States, Mexico, and as far south as Panama. Key regions include the eastern deciduous forests of the U.S. and subtropical or tropical woods and edges in its wintering grounds.

The species thrives in diverse environments which are typically rich in floral resources. In its breeding territory, it favors deciduous, mixed woodlands, gardens, orchards, and areas with abundant flowering plants. It is commonly found in regions with temperate climates during the breeding season, and in subtropical to tropical climates during migration and wintering. It also utilizes shrubby and open areas for feeding and nesting. Changes in vegetation, such as those from urban development or deforestation, can impact habitat suitability.

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird primarily feeds on nectar from a variety of flowering plants, which positions it as a vital pollinator in its ecosystem. It also consumes small insects and spiders for protein. The hummingbird's feeding behavior requires specific floral configurations, often concentrating its presence in areas with a diverse array of brightly colored and tubular flowers. In addition, this species has adapted to tolerate human presence relatively well, often inhabiting gardens and residential areas where their preferred plants are cultivated.