Barbus barbus, commonly known as the common barbel, is a freshwater fish found in European rivers. It is recognized for its elongated body, barbels near the mouth, and preference for gravelly, fast-flowing waters. Notably, it plays a role as both predator and prey within its ecosystem.

The Barbus barbus, commonly known as the barbel, is native to Europe. Its geographical distribution primarily includes the central and western parts of Europe. The species is commonly found in river systems flowing into the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea, including countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Poland, and the Danube River basin, which extends into Eastern Europe.

Barbus barbus typically inhabits freshwater environments. They thrive in large, fast-flowing rivers with gravelly or sandy bottoms. The species prefers well-oxygenated waters, often found in the middle to lower reaches of rivers. The water temperature in their habitats generally ranges from 10°C to 20°C, and they are adapted to regions with moderate to cool climates.

Barbus barbus plays an important role in its ecosystem as a benthic feeder. It primarily feeds on invertebrates, small fish, and plant matter found at the river bottom. The species contributes to the regulation of aquatic ecosystems by controlling invertebrate populations and serving as prey for larger predators. Barbus barbus is well-adapted to its niche, with sensory barbels around its mouth to locate food on the riverbed.