Bombus barbutellus, commonly known as the Barbut's cuckoo bumblebee, is a parasitic bee found across Europe. It mimics its host species in appearance but lacks pollen baskets. This bumblebee infiltrates the nests of other bumblebees to lay its eggs, relying on the host workers to rear its young.

Bombus barbutellus, commonly known as the Barbut's cuckoo bumblebee, is native to parts of Europe and western Asia. Its geographical distribution includes countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, and extending eastwards into countries like Russia and parts of Central Asia. It is less commonly found but still present in some parts of Scandinavia and southern Europe.

Bombus barbutellus typically inhabits temperate regions with access to a variety of flowering plants. It is often found in open fields, meadows, and heathlands that provide abundant forage resources. The species prefers areas with a mix of wildflowers and agricultural landscapes, which are conducive to its foraging needs.

As a cuckoo bumblebee, Bombus barbutellus does not build its own nests. Instead, it parasitizes the nests of other bumblebee species, particularly those of the Bombus hortorum group. This species takes advantage of the host's resources, relying on them for brood rearing, which influences its habitat choice—typically areas where host species are prevalent.