Bombus bohemicus, known as the Bohemian cuckoo bumblebee, is a parasitic bee species found in Europe and parts of Asia. It does not build its own nest but invades those of other bumblebees, like Bombus terrestris. Females have a distinctive white tail and a robust body adapted for aggressive interactions.

Bombus bohemicus, commonly known as the cuckoo bumblebee, is primarily found across Europe and parts of Asia. Its geographical distribution spans from the British Isles across continental Europe, extending eastwards into Russia and parts of northern Asia. This species is typically found in temperate regions but can extend into subarctic areas.

The typical habitat of Bombus bohemicus includes open landscapes like meadows, grasslands, and heathlands. These environments provide the necessary floral resources and host bumblebee colonies that Bombus bohemicus parasitizes. The species prefers regions with moderate to cool climates and is often found at varying altitudes, from lowland areas to mountainous regions.

Bombus bohemicus is a parasitic bumblebee, meaning it does not build its own nests nor collect pollen to feed its young. Instead, it invades the nests of other bumblebee species, particularly those of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto. The cuckoo bumblebee's ecological niche involves exploiting the host's resources for its reproduction, which requires the presence of healthy host populations in its habitat.