The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired bovine native to the Himalayan region. Adapted to cold climates, yaks possess dense, woolly undercoats and large lungs for efficient oxygen use at high altitudes. They are social animals, often found in herds, and play a crucial role in the ecosystem by grazing on sparse vegetation and aiding seed dispersal.

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is native to the Himalayan region of southern Central Asia, primarily found in Tibet, parts of China, Nepal, and Bhutan. The wild yak (Bos mutus), a close relative, is mostly found in the Tibetan Plateau and some remote areas of the Himalayas.

Yaks are adapted to high-altitude environments, typically residing at elevations between 3,000 to 5,500 meters (9,800 to 18,000 feet). These areas feature cold, arid climates with temperatures often dropping below freezing. The landscape is characterized by alpine meadows, grasslands, and shrublands.

Yaks are well-suited to cold, mountainous regions where they graze on grasses, herbs, and shrubs. Their thick fur and large lungs are adaptations for surviving in low-oxygen environments. They play a crucial role in their ecosystem by grazing, which helps maintain meadow and grassland health, and their droppings provide nutrients for the soil.