Bos taurus, commonly known as domestic cattle, were originally derived from the wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) in regions of the Middle East and South Asia. Domestication is thought to have occurred around 10,000 years ago. As a result of domestication, cattle have been introduced worldwide and do not have a specific native region anymore.

Domestic cattle are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats across the globe, from tropical rainforests to grasslands and temperate regions. They are primarily kept in areas suitable for agriculture where there is access to pasture, fodder, and water.

As a domesticated species, Bos taurus primarily occupy agricultural landscapes. They play a role in grazing ecosystems, influencing plant community composition and nutrient cycling by grazing on grasses and other vegetation and returning nutrients to the soil through manure. Cattle are also an integral part of many agricultural systems, contributing to beef, dairy, and leather production.