Bos taurus taurus, commonly known as domestic cattle, are large, robust mammals with a distinctive ruminant digestive system. They typically have a stocky body, cloven hooves, and varying coat colors. These social animals are known for their herding behavior and play a crucial role in agriculture, providing milk, meat, and leather.

Bos taurus taurus, commonly known as domestic cattle, is native to the regions of Europe, particularly the areas stretching from the Iberian Peninsula through the Mediterranean basin to the Balkans. They have been domesticated and spread globally, but their origins trace back to the wild aurochs in this region.

Domestic cattle are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of environmental conditions. They thrive in temperate climates with grassland, savanna, or open woodland habitats that provide ample grazing opportunities. The optimal conditions include moderate temperature ranges, adequate water supply, and abundant forage.

Bos taurus taurus primarily occupy the role of grazers in their ecosystems. They feed on grasses and herbaceous plants, influencing plant community dynamics and soil health. They have also been integrated into agricultural systems across the world, serving roles in dairy, meat production, and as draft animals.