Buteo lineatus, commonly known as the Red-shouldered Hawk, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution includes the eastern United States, parts of the Midwest, and the Pacific coast. It is also found in northeastern Mexico and occasionally in southern Canada.

Red-shouldered Hawks typically inhabit deciduous woodlands, mixed forests, and swamps. They prefer areas with dense forest cover adjacent to open areas for foraging. The climate in these regions ranges from temperate to subtropical, providing adequate warmth and suitable conditions for their prey.

As a predatory bird, the Red-shouldered Hawk occupies a crucial ecological niche, primarily hunting small mammals, amphibians, and occasionally birds. It plays a significant role in controlling small animal populations, maintaining balanced ecosystems. This species is well-adapted to hunting in forested areas, utilizing its keen eyesight and agile flight abilities.