Buteo platypterus, commonly known as the Broad-winged Hawk, is native to the Americas. Its geographical distribution includes North, Central, and parts of South America. In North America, it is predominantly found across Canada and the eastern United States, extending into parts of Mexico during migration. During the winter months, this species migrates to Central and South America, including countries like Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

The Broad-winged Hawk inhabits deciduous or mixed forests, especially those near water bodies such as streams, rivers, or wetlands. It prefers forested areas with dense canopy cover where it can perch while hunting and also uses the open edges of forests or clearings. The climate in these regions can vary widely from temperate zones in northern areas to tropical climates in its wintering grounds.

As a bird of prey, the Broad-winged Hawk plays a crucial role in controlling the population of small mammals, insects, amphibians, and birds. It is an adept hunter, using its keen eyesight to spot prey from perches within the forest. The species adjusts to seasonal changes by migrating long distances to find suitable environments during different times of the year. Its migratory behavior is a significant ecological characteristic, reflecting adaptations to varied environmental conditions in its range.