Calotes versicolor, commonly known as the Oriental Garden Lizard or Changeable Lizard, is native to South Asia. Its geographical distribution includes countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and extends to parts of Southeast Asia including Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar. The species has also been introduced to other regions such as the Middle East and several Indian Ocean islands.

Calotes versicolor typically inhabits a variety of environments ranging from forested areas to urban locations. It can be found in subtropical and tropical climates. The species thrives in areas with ample vegetation, such as gardens, open forests, grasslands, and shrubs. In urban areas, it is commonly seen on walls and trees in parks and residential gardens.

As an insectivorous species, Calotes versicolor plays a role in controlling insect populations. It is a diurnal reptile, and its coloration can vary from pale ash to bright red, allowing it to adapt effectively to diverse environments. Variations may occur based on subspecies and regional factors, which influence its coloration primarily as a means of camouflage or territorial display.