Commonly known as the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris exhibits a diverse range of sizes, shapes, and behaviors. They are highly social animals, known for their loyalty and companionship with humans. Dogs have a keen sense of smell and are often used in various roles such as herding, hunting, and as service animals.

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a subspecies of the gray wolf and has been domesticated by humans. As such, it does not have a specific native region in the same sense as wild animals. Its ancestors, the gray wolves, have a native range that spans North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Domestic dogs are highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of environments, including urban, suburban, and rural settings. They can live in various climates, from cold to hot, and are often found in human habitats.

As domesticated animals, dogs have an ecological niche closely tied to human societies. They serve various roles such as companions, working animals, and service animals. Their adaptations to human environments reflect their roles and the specific breeds’ characteristics.