Capra hircus, commonly known as the domestic goat, is believed to have been domesticated in the Middle East, specifically in the regions that are now Turkey and Iran. As a result of domestication, they are now widespread and found on every continent except Antarctica.

Domestic goats are extremely adaptable and can be found in a wide range of environmental conditions. They thrive in arid, semi-arid, and mountainous regions, but are also found in grasslands and agricultural fields. Goats are known for their ability to survive in harsh and variable climates.

As herbivores, goats play a crucial role in their ecosystems by controlling plant growth and maintaining grassland and shrubland habitats. They graze on grasses, shrubs, and herbs, which can help prevent bush encroachment and promote biodiversity. Because of their browsing behavior, they are also used in various regions for land management and fire prevention.