Caracara plancus, commonly known as the Southern Caracara, is native to South America. Its geographical distribution includes countries such as Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and parts of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. The species is also found in Panama.

The Southern Caracara inhabits a variety of open and semi-open environments, typically preferring regions such as savannas, grasslands, pampas, and scrublands. It can also be found in areas with sparse vegetation and in agricultural lands. The climate in these regions can range from temperate to subtropical, depending on the location.

Caracara plancus occupies a niche as both a scavenger and a predator. It feeds on a wide range of food items, including carrion, small mammals, reptiles, insects, and other invertebrates. This adaptability in its diet allows it to thrive in diverse habitats, exploiting various ecological opportunities. Its role as a scavenger is particularly significant in maintaining ecological balance by cleaning up carrion and other organic waste.