Carduelis carduelis, commonly known as the European Goldfinch, is native to Europe, North Africa, and western and central Asia. The species is widely distributed across these areas, extending from western Europe as far east as the western parts of Siberia and as far south as North Africa, including parts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The goldfinch also inhabits the Middle East, reaching Iran and parts of Western Asia.

The European Goldfinch typically inhabits open, partially wooded lowlands, including orchards, parks, gardens, and roadsides. They are often found in habitats with abundant seed-producing plants, favoring areas with scattered trees and shrubs. The species prefers temperate climatic regions, although it can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions, including mild Mediterranean climates and more continental climates found in central and eastern Europe.

Carduelis carduelis primarily feeds on small seeds and is particularly attracted to thistles and other seeding plants, making it an essential seed disperser in its ecosystem. Its niche includes a diet that expands seasonally to include insects, notably during the breeding season when it requires additional protein for raising chicks. The goldfinch's brightly colored plumage, characterized by its striking black and gold wings and red face mask, plays a role in mate selection and social interactions within its flock.