Cervus canadensis, commonly known as the elk or wapiti, is native to North America and eastern Asia. In North America, it is predominantly found in the United States and Canada. In Asia, it is native to countries such as Mongolia and regions in Russia. The species is also found in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the Rocky Mountains, and parts of northeastern China.

Elk typically inhabit temperate forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are adaptable to a range of climates but are most commonly associated with cool temperate conditions. The habitat includes open meadows, forest edges, and alpine environments. Seasonal migrations are common where elk may move to lower elevations or more sheltered areas during winter.

Elk are herbivores and play a crucial role in their ecosystems as grazers. They feed on grasses, leaves, and bark, influencing vegetation structure and composition in their habitats. In turn, they serve as prey for large carnivores, such as wolves and bears. The availability of open spaces and diverse plant life is essential for their survival.