Charadrius semipalmatus, commonly known as the Semipalmated Plover, is native to North America. It breeds primarily in the northern parts of the continent, specifically in the Arctic and subarctic regions of Canada and Alaska. During migration, it can be found across North America, and it winters along the coasts of the southern United States, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern parts of South America.

The Semipalmated Plover inhabits a range of environments depending on the season. During the breeding season, it prefers open tundra and coastal areas with sandy or rocky substrates near water bodies, which provide appropriate nesting sites. These regions typically experience cool to cold climates with short summers. During migration and wintering periods, the species is commonly found on sandy beaches, mudflats, estuaries, and coastal lagoons, which offer an ample supply of food resources such as small invertebrates.

As a shorebird, the Semipalmated Plover occupies an ecological niche where it feeds primarily on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. It is an opportunistic feeder, adapting its diet based on availability. The species plays a role in controlling invertebrate populations and serves as prey for larger predators, maintaining ecological balance within its habitat.