Chrysomallon squamiferum, also known as the scaly-foot gastropod, inhabits hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean. It features unique iron sulfide scales, a defense against predators. This deep-sea snail thrives in extreme environments, relying on symbiotic bacteria for nutrition, showcasing remarkable adaptation to its harsh habitat.

Chrysomallon squamiferum, commonly known as the scaly-foot gastropod or scaly-foot snail, is native to hydrothermal vent fields in the Indian Ocean. This species is specifically found around the Kairei, Solitaire, and Longqi vent fields located along the Central Indian Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge.

The scaly-foot gastropod inhabits deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments, which are characterized by extremely harsh conditions. These environments typically have high temperatures ranging from 2°C in the surrounding deep-sea water to over 350°C near the vent emissions. The water is rich in minerals and chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide, which supports chemosynthetic bacterial communities.

Chrysomallon squamiferum occupies a unique ecological niche as a symbiotic organism. It hosts chemosynthetic bacteria within its enlarged esophageal gland. These bacteria oxidize hydrogen sulfide from the vent emissions to produce organic compounds, which in turn provide nutrition to the snail. This adaptation allows the scaly-foot snail to thrive in an environment where sunlight does not penetrate and typical photosynthetic processes cannot occur. The snail's shell is also distinctive, incorporating iron sulfide minerals, which may provide protection against predators and the harsh vent conditions.