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Lesser Violetear
The Lesser Violetear (*Colibri cyanotus*) is a vibrant hummingbird species found in the highlands of Central and South America. Known for its iridescent green plumage and distinctive violet ear patches, this small bird plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a pollinator. It is a relatively common and adaptable species within its range, often seen visiting flowering plants in cloud forests and gardens. While not globally threatened, localized habitat loss can impact populations. The Lesser Violetear holds no particular broad cultural significance, but is appreciated by birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts for its beauty and energetic flight.
8-11 cm
Length
12-15 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
The Lesser Violetear is found in the highlands from Costa Rica and Panama, through the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, to Bolivia.
Lifespan
3-5 years (wild); up to 10 years has been recorded in captivity, though this is rare.
Lesser Violetear's Habitat
Habitat Types
Humid montane forest, Cloud forest, Forest edges, Gardens
Climate Zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Adaptations
These hummingbirds thrive at higher elevations, typically between 1,200 and 3,000 meters (3,900 to 9,800 feet). Their physiology is adapted to the cooler temperatures and lower oxygen levels found at these altitudes. They also have adaptations to feed on nectar, such as a long, slender bill and a specialized tongue.
Variations
Several subspecies have been described, differing slightly in plumage and distribution. For example, *C. c. cabanidis* is found in Costa Rica and Panama, while *C. c. cyanotus* is found in the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Plumage is generally consistent year-round.
Seasonal Feather Changes
No significant seasonal variations.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females are similar in appearance, although females may be slightly duller.
Notable Features
Iridescent green upperparts, Violet-blue patch extending from the eye to the ear coverts (the 'violet ear'), Dark blue-green tail, Straight, black bill
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Nectar from various flowering plants, Small insects, Spiders
Foraging Behavior
Lesser Violetears typically forage by hovering in front of flowers to extract nectar. They also glean insects and spiders from foliage. They are known to be aggressive and will defend feeding territories from other hummingbirds.
Specializations
Their long, slender bill and brush-tipped tongue are perfectly adapted for extracting nectar from flowers. Their ability to hover allows them to access flowers that other birds cannot.
Seasonal Diet Variations
While nectar is their primary food source, they may consume more insects during periods when flowers are less abundant, particularly during the non-breeding season.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally solitary, except during breeding season. They are highly territorial, especially around food sources.
Communication
High-pitched chirps and twitters, Buzzing sounds produced by their wings during flight, Aggressive chases and vocalizations to defend territories
Migration
While not long-distance migrants, Lesser Violetears may move altitudinally in response to flowering patterns. They will move to lower elevations during periods of food scarcity.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Highly territorial, particularly males. They will aggressively defend feeding territories from other hummingbirds, regardless of species.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss due to deforestation, Climate change (affecting flowering patterns)
Protection Programs
Protected areas within their range (e.g., national parks, reserves)
Local National Laws
Protected under various national wildlife laws in countries within its range.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Not Evaluated
Interesting Facts
They can beat their wings up to 80 times per second.
This rapid wingbeat allows them to hover and fly with incredible precision.
Lesser Violetears can enter a state of torpor to conserve energy.
During cold nights, they can lower their body temperature and metabolic rate to save energy.
Their iridescent colors are not due to pigments, but to the structure of their feathers.
Microscopic structures in the feathers refract light, creating the shimmering effect.
Faqs about Lesser Violetear
What is the difference between a Lesser Violetear and a Green Violetear?
While they were once considered the same species, they are now recognized as distinct. The Green Violetear is generally found at lower elevations and has some differences in plumage, particularly the extent of the violet ear patch.
How can I attract Lesser Violetears to my garden?
Planting native flowering plants that produce nectar, such as Salvias, Fuchsias, and other tubular flowers, can attract them. Providing a hummingbird feeder with a sugar-water solution (1 part sugar to 4 parts water) can also be effective.
Are Lesser Violetear aggressive?
Yes, they are known for being quite aggressive, especially around food sources. They will often chase away other hummingbirds, and sometimes even larger birds, from their territories.
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