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Bolle's Pigeon
Bolle's Pigeon (*Columba bollii*) is a species endemic to the Canary Islands, specifically the islands of La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, and Tenerife. It plays a crucial role in the laurel forest ecosystem as a seed disperser, contributing to the health and regeneration of this unique habitat. Named after German naturalist Carl Bolle, this pigeon is a symbol of the islands' rich biodiversity and the importance of preserving its fragile environment. While not as well-known globally, it holds significant ecological importance within its limited range.
36-38 cm
Length
Not Evaluated cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Endemic to the Canary Islands (Spain), specifically La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, and Tenerife. It is non-migratory.
Lifespan
Unknown in the wild; likely similar to other *Columba* species (5-10 years).
Bolle's Pigeon's Habitat
Habitat Types
Laurel forests, Canary Pine forests (at higher altitudes), Occasionally cultivated areas near forests
Climate Zones
Temperate
Adaptations
Adapted to the humid, dense vegetation of the laurel forests. Its relatively dark plumage provides camouflage in the shaded understory. Strong legs and feet allow for agile movement through the branches.
Variations
No recognized subspecies.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
No significant difference between breeding and non-breeding plumage.
Seasonal Feather Changes
No seasonal variation.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Minimal; males may have a slightly more intense iridescence on the neck.
Notable Features
Dark grey-brown plumage overall, Pinkish-red breast, Pale grey tail band (contrasting with the dark tail), Green and purple iridescence on the sides of the neck
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Fruits (especially from laurel trees), Berries, Seeds, Occasionally buds and leaves
Foraging Behavior
Primarily forages in trees, but will also descend to the ground to feed on fallen fruit and seeds. Often feeds in small groups.
Specializations
No highly specialized feeding adaptations, but its gizzard is well-suited for processing seeds and hard fruits.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet shifts with the fruiting seasons of different laurel forest trees and plants.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally found in pairs or small flocks, especially outside the breeding season. Larger groups may congregate at abundant food sources.
Communication
Cooing vocalizations (similar to other pigeons), Wing-clapping during display flights, Mutual preening for pair bonding
Migration
Non-migratory; resident within its limited range.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Territorial during the breeding season, defending the nest site. Otherwise, relatively non-aggressive and social.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss and degradation (historical and ongoing), Predation by introduced species (rats, cats), Hunting (now illegal, but may have been a past threat)
Protection Programs
Protected under Spanish and European Union law, Habitat restoration efforts in some areas, Monitoring programs to track population trends
Local National Laws
Protected under Spanish law (Royal Decree 139/2011) and the EU Birds Directive.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Estimated at 3,000-12,000 mature individuals.
Interesting Facts
Bolle's Pigeon is a key seed disperser for laurel forest trees.
By consuming fruits and passing the seeds through their digestive system, they help maintain the forest's biodiversity.
It is one of two pigeon species endemic to the Canary Islands.
The other is the Laurel Pigeon (*Columba junoniae*), which shares a similar habitat.
It is named after the German naturalist Carl August Bolle.
Bolle extensively studied the flora and fauna of the Canary Islands in the 19th century.
Faqs about Bolle's Pigeon
Where can I see Bolle's Pigeon?
You can only see Bolle's Pigeon in the laurel forests of La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, and Tenerife in the Canary Islands.
Is Bolle's Pigeon endangered?
No, Bolle's Pigeon is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, meaning it is not currently facing a high risk of extinction.
What is the difference between Bolle's Pigeon and the Laurel Pigeon?
Bolle's Pigeon has a pinkish breast and a pale grey tail band, while the Laurel Pigeon has a wine-purple breast and a broad white tail band.
What do they eat?
They mostly eat fruits, berries, and seeds found within the laurel forests.
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