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Inca Dove
The Inca Dove (Columbina inca) is a small, slender dove native to the Southwestern United States and Mexico, extending down into Central America. It's known for its distinctive scaled appearance and soft, cooing call, often described as sounding like "no hope." These doves play a role in seed dispersal and are a common sight in urban and suburban areas, often seen foraging on the ground. They have adapted well to human presence and are frequently found in gardens and parks. Culturally, they are sometimes considered a symbol of peace and tranquility.
16.5-23 cm
Length
28-32 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
The Inca Dove's range spans from the southwestern United States (southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) south through Mexico and into Central America, reaching as far as Costa Rica. They are generally non-migratory, although some local movements may occur in response to food availability.
Lifespan
Typical lifespan in the wild is 2-3 years, but they can live longer in captivity (up to 7 years reported).
Inca Dove's Habitat
Habitat Types
Urban and suburban areas, Deserts, Scrublands, Open woodlands, Savannas
Climate Zones
Arid, Semi-arid, Subtropical, Tropical
Adaptations
Inca Doves are well-adapted to arid environments, tolerating high temperatures and limited water availability. They can obtain much of their water needs from their diet. They have also adapted well to human-altered landscapes.
Variations
While several subspecies have been proposed, there is no wide consensus on distinct subspecies based on current research.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Plumage is generally consistent year-round.
Seasonal Feather Changes
No significant seasonal variations.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females are visually very similar, with subtle differences that are difficult to distinguish in the field.
Notable Features
Overall grayish-brown plumage with a scaled appearance., Long, square tail with white outer tail feathers., Rufous (reddish-brown) patches on the wings, visible in flight., Dark bill.
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Seeds, Grains, Small fruits, Occasionally insects
Foraging Behavior
Inca Doves primarily forage on the ground, walking and pecking at seeds and other food items. They often forage in pairs or small groups.
Specializations
They have no highly specialized feeding adaptations but are efficient ground foragers.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet may shift slightly depending on seed availability throughout the year, but they are primarily seed-eaters year-round.
Behavior
Social Structure
Inca Doves are often seen in pairs or small family groups. They may form larger flocks outside of the breeding season, especially at feeding sites.
Communication
A soft, repeated coo, often transcribed as "coo-coo" or "no hope.", Wing-clapping during courtship or territorial displays.
Migration
Generally non-migratory, although some local movements may occur.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
They are not strongly territorial but may defend a small area around the nest.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (although they adapt well to urban areas), Predation by domestic cats, Collisions with windows
Protection Programs
No specific large-scale conservation programs are currently in place due to their stable population.
Local National Laws
Protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
The global population is estimated to be around 11 million individuals.
Interesting Facts
They are known for their "freezing" behavior.
When threatened, Inca Doves may crouch low to the ground and remain motionless, relying on camouflage.
They can often be seen sunbathing.
They will lie on the ground with their wings spread, absorbing heat from the sun.
They are one of the smallest dove species in North America.
Their small size distinguishes them from other, larger dove species.
Faqs about Inca Dove
What do Inca Doves eat?
They primarily eat seeds and grains found on the ground.
Are Inca Doves migratory?
They are generally non-migratory, staying in the same area year-round.
How can I attract Inca Doves to my yard?
Provide a source of seeds, such as a ground feeder or scattered seeds, and a water source like a birdbath.
What does an Inca Dove nest look like?
It's a simple, fragile platform of twigs, usually placed in a tree or shrub.
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