The Columbina inca, commonly known as the Inca dove, is native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Its geographical distribution extends from the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) through most of Mexico and into parts of Central America.

The Inca dove typically inhabits arid and semi-arid regions, seeking environments that offer a mix of open areas and scattered vegetation. It is commonly found in urban areas, suburban gardens, agricultural lands, and scrublands. The species thrives in regions with warm climates and is often observed in areas where human activity provides food sources, such as grain or seeds.

The Inca dove is a granivorous bird, feeding primarily on seeds and grains. Its ecological niche involves being a seed disperser and contributor to the health of the ecosystems it inhabits. The species is well adapted to hot environments and benefits from human-altered landscapes, making it a frequent sight in cities and towns within its range.