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Ruby-crowned Kinglet
The Ruby-crowned Kinglet (*Corthylio calendula*) is a tiny but energetic songbird found throughout North America. Despite its small size, it plays a significant role in controlling insect populations within its forest habitats. It is best known for the male's brilliant red crown patch, usually concealed unless the bird is agitated or displaying. While not holding major cultural significance in the same way as some larger birds, its vibrant presence and lively behavior make it a favorite among birdwatchers.
8.9-11 cm
Length
16-18 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Breeds across North America, from Alaska and Canada south to the mountains of the southwestern United States. Winters in the southern United States and Mexico, extending into Central America. Migratory, with some populations undertaking long-distance journeys.
Lifespan
Average lifespan in the wild is likely 1-3 years, though some individuals may live longer.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet's Habitat
Habitat Types
Coniferous forests, Mixed woodlands, Boreal forests, Shrubby areas during migration
Climate Zones
Temperate, Boreal, Subarctic
Adaptations
Their small size and high metabolic rate require almost constant foraging, and they are well-adapted to gleaning insects from foliage. Dense plumage provides insulation in cold climates.
Variations
Several subspecies are recognized, differing subtly in plumage and size. For example, the western subspecies (*C. c. grinnellii*) tends to be slightly darker than the eastern subspecies (*C. c. calendula*).
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Males have a bright red crown patch, usually hidden but erected during displays or when agitated. Females lack this patch. Otherwise, plumage is similar year-round.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Minimal seasonal variation.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males possess the red crown patch; females do not.
Notable Features
Olive-green upperparts, Whitish underparts, Prominent white eye-ring, Two white wingbars, Small, thin bill
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Insects, Spiders, Insect eggs, Small berries (occasionally)
Foraging Behavior
Actively gleans insects from leaves and twigs, often hovering briefly. Flicks its wings frequently while foraging.
Specializations
Their small, pointed bill is well-suited for picking small insects from crevices. Their agility allows them to access insects in dense foliage.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Primarily insectivorous during the breeding season. May consume more berries and seeds during winter when insects are less available.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally solitary or in pairs during the breeding season. May form small flocks during migration and winter.
Communication
High-pitched, thin calls, A complex, warbling song given by the male, Wing-flicking, used in foraging and communication
Migration
Many populations are migratory, traveling south for the winter. They often migrate at night.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Males defend territories during the breeding season through song and displays. Outside of breeding, they are less territorial.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (particularly in wintering grounds), Collisions with buildings (during migration), Climate change (potential impacts on breeding habitat and insect availability)
Protection Programs
None specifically targeted at Ruby-crowned Kinglets, but general habitat conservation efforts benefit the species.
Local National Laws
Protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Global population estimated at 190,000,000 individuals.
Interesting Facts
They lay a remarkably large number of eggs.
Despite their small size, females can lay up to 12 eggs, which can collectively weigh more than the female herself.
The male's red crown is usually hidden.
It is only displayed during courtship or when the bird is agitated, making it a surprising sight.
They are constantly active.
Their high metabolism requires them to forage almost continuously during the day.
Faqs about Ruby-crowned Kinglet
What is the smallest bird in North America?
The Ruby-crowned Kinglet is among the smallest, but the Calliope Hummingbird is generally considered the smallest.
How can I attract Ruby-crowned Kinglets to my yard?
Providing native trees and shrubs, especially conifers, can offer foraging opportunities. They may also visit bird baths.
Do Ruby-crowned Kinglets visit bird feeders?
They are not typical feeder visitors, but they may occasionally be attracted to suet or mealworms, especially during winter.
Why do Ruby-crowned kinglets flick their wings?
The exact reason for this behavior is not fully understood. It is likely to startle insects, to communicate, or to express agitation.
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