Coturnix coturnix, commonly known as the common quail, is a small ground-nesting bird found across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It has a distinctive plumage with brown, black, and white streaks, aiding in camouflage. Known for its migratory behavior, it travels long distances between breeding and wintering grounds. Its call is a familiar 'wet-my-lips' sound. The species plays a vital role in its ecosystem by controlling insect populations and serving as prey for various predators.

The common quail (Coturnix coturnix) is native to a wide range across Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It is primarily found in regions spanning from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Japan in the east, including countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and extending to parts of the Middle East and northern India.

The common quail typically inhabits open areas with grasslands, agricultural fields, and meadows. It prefers regions that provide ample cover and food sources, such as cereal crops, grass seeds, and small invertebrates. The climate in these areas ranges from temperate to subtropical, with the species adapting to both wet and dry conditions depending on the season.

As a ground-dwelling bird, the common quail occupies a niche where it forages for seeds and small insects on the ground. It plays a role in controlling insect populations and seed dispersal. The species is migratory, with many populations moving between breeding grounds in Europe and wintering areas in Africa and southern Asia, adapting to seasonal changes in food availability and climate.