Delichon urbicum, commonly known as the House Martin, is native to a wide geographical range across Europe, parts of Asia, and North Africa. Their breeding range lies predominantly in temperate regions, extending from the western parts of Europe including the United Kingdom, across to central Asia reaching parts of Siberia, Mongolia, and northern China. They are migratory birds, with wintering grounds mainly located in sub-Saharan Africa.

House Martins typically inhabit open areas in temperate regions. They are often found in lowlands and foothills during the breeding season, primarily in urban and suburban environments. They require suitable vertical surfaces such as cliffs or buildings for nesting. The species thrives in environments that provide abundant aerial insect prey and accessible mud sources for nest building.

House Martins occupy an ecological niche as aerial insectivores. They play a crucial role in controlling insect populations, feeding on a wide variety of small flying insects such as flies, aphids, and midges. Their presence is indicative of a healthy ecosystem with abundant insect life. During migration and wintering, they adapt to various environments but continue to rely on areas with rich insect availability.