Dendrocopos major, commonly known as the Great Spotted Woodpecker, is native to a broad range that covers much of the Palearctic region. This includes Europe, parts of North Africa, and Asia, extending from the British Isles to the Pacific coasts of Russia, Korea, and Japan.

The Great Spotted Woodpecker thrives in a variety of wooded environments. It is commonly found in deciduous and mixed forests, but can also inhabit coniferous woodlands, parks, and gardens where large trees are present. The species prefers mature woods that offer suitable dead or dying trees for nesting and feeding.

As an arboreal bird, the Great Spotted Woodpecker plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. It primarily feeds on insects by excavating tree bark with its strong beak, helping control insect populations. In addition, its ability to create nesting holes not only serves its own breeding needs but also provides shelter for other species. This adaptability allows it to occupy various ecological niches across its range, including suburban and urban areas with sufficient tree coverage.