Dreissena polymorpha, commonly known as the zebra mussel, is a small freshwater bivalve mollusk characterized by its distinctive striped shell. It is native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine but has spread to various freshwater habitats worldwide. Zebra mussels attach to surfaces in large numbers, often causing ecological disruption by filtering plankton and altering nutrient cycles.

The Dreissena polymorpha, commonly known as the zebra mussel, is native to the freshwater lakes and rivers of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Its primary native range includes the drainage basins of the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea.

Zebra mussels typically inhabit freshwater environments, particularly rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. They prefer stable, hard surfaces to attach to, such as rocks, shells, and man-made structures. The species thrives in temperate climates with a wide range of temperatures, often between 6°C and 30°C. They are highly adaptable to varying water conditions, but they require a calcium-rich environment for shell formation.

Dreissena polymorpha plays a significant role in its ecosystem by acting as a filter feeder, removing phytoplankton and suspended particulates from the water. This can increase water clarity but also alter the local ecosystem balance by depleting food resources for other species. The zebra mussel is considered an invasive species in many areas outside its native range, often outcompeting native bivalves and altering biodiversity.