Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a small insect found globally. It thrives in temperate climates and is often seen around ripe or rotting fruit. This species is notable for its rapid life cycle, genetic simplicity, and massive contribution to genetic research.

Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the common fruit fly, is originally native to tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. However, due to its association with human activity, it has spread globally and is now found on every continent except Antarctica.

Drosophila melanogaster typically inhabits environments where fermenting fruit is present, as this provides both a food source and a suitable medium for laying eggs. These conditions are often found in orchards, gardens, and areas with decaying vegetation. The species thrives in warm, moist climates but is also known to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions due to its global distribution.

Drosophila melanogaster occupies a niche as both a decomposer and a prey species. It plays a role in the decomposition process by feeding on yeast and microorganisms found on rotting fruit. As a prey species, it serves as a food source for various predators, including spiders, birds, and other insects. Its ecological role is significant in nutrient cycling and as a model organism in scientific research due to its rapid life cycle and genetic tractability.