Dumetella carolinensis, commonly known as the Gray Catbird, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution primarily encompasses the eastern and central regions of the United States, southeastern Canada, the Bahamas, and parts of Mexico. During the breeding season, Gray Catbirds are found as far north as southern Canada, extending from the Atlantic coast westward to the Great Plains. In the winter, many populations migrate to the southeastern United States, Central America, and the Caribbean islands.

The Gray Catbird typically inhabits areas with dense, shrubby vegetation, such as thickets, brushy woodland edges, overgrown fields, and suburban gardens. These environments provide ample cover and nesting opportunities. The species prefers habitats with a mix of dense underbrush, which offers protection and abundant food resources, such as insects and fruits.

Gray Catbirds occupy an ecological niche as both insectivores and frugivores. They play a role in controlling insect populations and act as seed dispersers due to their consumption of fruits. Their presence in dense, brushy habitats allows them to avoid predators and take advantage of the diverse feeding opportunities available in such environments. Despite their preference for dense cover, they are also known for being adaptable to human-altered landscapes, such as suburban areas, where similar vegetation conditions are present.