The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is known for its smaller ears, compared to its African counterparts, and a more domed head. These elephants inhabit diverse environments ranging from grasslands to tropical forests across the Indian subcontinent. They are highly social, living in matriarchal herds, and play a critical role in forest ecosystems by aiding seed dispersal.

The Elephas maximus indicus, commonly known as the Indian elephant, is native to the Indian subcontinent. Its geographical distribution includes countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of Thailand. The species is predominantly found in the forested regions of these countries, ranging from the Himalayan foothills to southern India.

Indian elephants inhabit a variety of forested environments including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, dry deciduous forests, and grasslands. They are also found in agricultural areas where forests have been cleared. The climate in these habitats typically ranges from humid and warm in tropical regions to cooler conditions in higher altitudes.

As a keystone species, Indian elephants play a crucial role in their ecosystems by facilitating seed dispersal and maintaining open spaces in forests, which benefits other wildlife. They are primarily browsers and grazers, feeding on a diverse diet of grasses, leaves, bark, and fruits. Their movements and feeding habits help shape the vegetation structure and composition of their habitats.