Elephas maximus maximus, commonly known as the Sri Lankan elephant, is the largest subspecies of the Asian elephant. Found predominantly in Sri Lanka, these elephants inhabit a variety of ecosystems, from dry forests to grasslands. They are highly social, forming matriarchal groups, and are known for their intelligence and complex emotional behaviors. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, and bark. Unique features include a distinct hump on their back and smaller tusks compared to African elephants.

Elephas maximus maximus, commonly known as the Sri Lankan elephant, is native to the island of Sri Lanka in South Asia. This subspecies of the Asian elephant is found throughout the island, predominantly in the dry zones, with some populations in the wet and intermediate zones.

The Sri Lankan elephant inhabits a variety of environments, primarily dry deciduous forests, scrublands, and grasslands. These areas are characterized by a tropical climate with a distinct dry season and a monsoon season, where temperatures can range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).

Elephas maximus maximus plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a mega-herbivore. It is essential for seed dispersal and maintaining the ecological balance by modifying the habitat, which benefits other species. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, bark, and fruit, which they forage over large areas, influencing the vegetation dynamics of their habitats.