The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a critically endangered subspecies of the Asian elephant found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is characterized by its smaller size compared to other Asian elephants, with distinctively straighter tusks and lighter skin. These elephants inhabit forested regions and play a crucial role in seed dispersal, contributing to the health of their ecosystem. Notably, Sumatran elephants are highly social and live in matriarchal herds.

The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. This subspecies of the Asian elephant is found primarily in the lowland forests of this region, which is part of the Sunda Islands in Southeast Asia.

Sumatran elephants inhabit tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. These environments are characterized by warm temperatures, high humidity, and significant rainfall throughout the year. The forests provide a dense canopy and a rich understory that supports a diverse range of plant and animal life.

Sumatran elephants play a crucial role as mega-herbivores in their ecosystem. They are important seed dispersers, helping to maintain the structure and diversity of their forest habitats. By feeding on a variety of vegetation, including grasses, leaves, bark, and fruit, they help shape the forest composition and create pathways for other wildlife. These elephants require large home ranges to support their nutritional needs, often leading them across multiple forest types and elevations within their native region.