The Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is native to Europe and parts of Asia. Its range extends from the British Isles in the west, across central and northern Europe, to the Ural Mountains in Russia and southwestern Siberia.

The Yellowhammer typically inhabits open countryside with scattered trees, hedgerows, and bushy areas. It is commonly found in farmland, grasslands, and heathlands, as well as the edges of forests. The species favors regions with a temperate climate, where there is a mix of open habitats and some vegetation providing cover and nesting opportunities.

Emberiza citrinella is primarily a granivore, feeding on seeds from grasses and other plants, but it also consumes insects, especially during the breeding season to feed its young. This bird plays a role in seed dispersal and insect population control within its ecosystem. It may exhibit regional adaptations, occupying slightly different habitats in various parts of its range, such as lower altitudinal regions in the colder northern parts of its distribution.