Emberiza schoeniclus, commonly known as the Reed Bunting, is native to a wide geographical range across Europe and Asia. Its distribution extends from the Atlantic coast of Europe across the continent to the eastern parts of Asia, including countries like the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, and parts of northern China and Japan.

The Reed Bunting typically inhabits wetland environments, including marshes, reed beds, wet meadows, and riverbanks. It is often found in habitats characterized by dense and tall vegetation, especially reeds and other aquatic plants. The presence of standing water or boggy conditions is crucial for their preferred habitat.

Reed Buntings are adapted to wetland ecosystems where they feed primarily on seeds and insects. They play a role in the ecosystem as both prey for larger predators and as consumers of invertebrates, contributing to the food web. Seasonal changes influence their habitat use, where they may inhabit more open areas in winter to forage.