Epinephelinae, commonly known as groupers, are robust sea dwellers found in warm ocean waters globally. They feature stout bodies, large mouths, and are known for their solitary nature and ambush hunting techniques. Notable for their ability to change color and gender, they play a crucial role in maintaining reef health.

The Epinephelinae, commonly known as groupers, are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions. Their geographical distribution spans the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Key regions include the coastal waters of the Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Middle East.

Groupers are typically found in marine environments, particularly in coral reefs, rocky outcrops, and seagrass beds. They generally inhabit waters ranging from shallow coastal areas to depths of over 100 meters. The preferred water temperatures for groupers are usually between 22°C to 28°C, aligning with the tropical and subtropical climate zones.

As predators, groupers play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems. They are often top predators in their habitats, feeding on a variety of fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Groupers have adapted to their ecological niche with features such as a robust body and a large mouth, which enable them to ambush prey effectively.