Atlantic Goliath Grouper
Epinephelus itajara, the goliath grouper, is a colossal reef dweller reaching over 8 feet in length. Its distinctive booming calls during territorial displays and massive spawning groups highlight its unique behaviors. A keystone species, it maintains reef health by controlling fish populations.
Vulnerable
Conservation Status
Decreasing
Population Trend
Characteristics
The goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara, is a massive fish found in shallow tropical waters, particularly coral reefs. It can weigh up to 800 pounds and grow over 8 feet long. Known for its solitary nature, this species exhibits unique booming sounds during territorial displays and spawns in large aggregations.
Distribution Range of the Atlantic Goliath Grouper
Epinephelus itajara, commonly known as the Goliath grouper, is native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Its geographical distribution extends from Florida, USA, and the Gulf of Mexico, down to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea. It is also found in the eastern Atlantic, from Senegal to Congo in Africa.
Atlantic Goliath Grouper's Habitat
Environmental Conditions
Epinephelus itajara typically inhabits warm, shallow waters with temperatures ranging from 25°C to 28°C. They are commonly found in coastal areas, particularly around coral and artificial reefs, mangroves, and estuaries. The species prefers depths of 5 to 50 meters but can occasionally be found as deep as 100 meters.
Ecological Niche
The Goliath grouper is a top predator in its ecosystem, feeding on a variety of marine life including fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the reef ecosystems. Due to its large size and slow movement, it requires habitats with abundant hiding spots and food resources. The species is known for its territorial behavior and often returns to the same spawning sites each year.
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