Erithacus rubecula, commonly known as the European Robin, is native to Europe, parts of North Africa, and western Asia. Its range extends from the Canary Islands in the west, across the British Isles and mainland Europe, eastward to western Siberia, and south to the Middle East and northern Iran.

The European Robin typically inhabits temperate forests, woodlands, and gardens. It prefers environments with dense underbrush or shrubbery, which provide cover and nesting sites. The climates in these regions range from maritime climates in western Europe, characterized by mild winters and cool summers, to more continental climates with greater seasonal temperature fluctuations in eastern parts of its range.

The European Robin occupies a niche as an insectivorous and omnivorous bird, feeding on a variety of invertebrates, seeds, and fruits. It is often found at ground level, foraging in leaf litter or low vegetation. The robin is a resident species in much of its range but migrates short distances in northern and eastern regions to avoid harsh winter conditions, indicating a certain adaptability to various ecological niches across its wide range.