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Scarlet Ibis
The Scarlet Ibis (*Eudocimus ruber*) is a striking bird renowned for its vibrant red plumage. This species inhabits tropical South America and islands of the Caribbean, playing a vital role in its wetland ecosystems. It is a highly social bird, often found in large flocks, and is a symbol of the rich biodiversity of these regions. In Trinidad and Tobago, it is one of the two national birds, representing a significant part of the nation's natural heritage.
55-75 cm
Length
80-95 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Primarily found in northern South America, including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil. Also inhabits Trinidad and Tobago and other Caribbean islands. They have a coastal preference but can occasionally be found further inland.
Lifespan
Around 15-20 years in the wild; up to 30 years in captivity.
Scarlet Ibis's Habitat
Habitat Types
Mangrove swamps, Mudflats, Shallow lagoons, Estuaries, Wetlands
Climate Zones
Tropical
Adaptations
Their long, curved bill is a specialized adaptation for probing in mud and shallow water to find food. Their legs are also long, allowing them to wade comfortably in these environments.
Variations
No recognized subspecies, but there can be slight variations in plumage intensity depending on diet and location.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Plumage is generally bright scarlet year-round, but may be slightly more vibrant during the breeding season.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Minimal seasonal variation, primarily related to the intensity of color influenced by diet.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Minimal. Males and females have similar plumage, though males may have slightly more intense coloration.
Notable Features
Vibrantly scarlet plumage, Long, decurved bill (black), Black wingtips (visible in flight), Long legs (pink or reddish)
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Crustaceans (crabs, shrimp), Small fish, Insects, Mollusks, Snails
Foraging Behavior
Probes mud and shallow water with its long bill, using tactile sensitivity to locate prey. Often feeds in groups, stirring up the substrate.
Specializations
The curved bill is perfectly adapted for extracting invertebrates from burrows in the mud.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet may shift slightly depending on the availability of prey in different seasons or locations, but crustaceans remain a staple.
Behavior
Social Structure
Highly social; forms large flocks outside of the breeding season and breeds in colonies.
Communication
Croaking calls, Grunts, Visual displays (head-bobbing, preening)
Migration
Generally non-migratory, but may undertake local movements in response to water levels and food availability.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Forms large communal roosts, often with other ibis species and wading birds. Breeding colonies are defended collectively.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (mangrove destruction), Pollution, Hunting (in some areas), Climate change (sea-level rise)
Protection Programs
Protected areas (national parks, reserves), International agreements (Ramsar Convention on Wetlands)
Local National Laws
Protected in many countries within its range, including Trinidad and Tobago where it is a national bird.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Global population estimated to be around 100,000-2,500,000 individuals.
Interesting Facts
Their scarlet color comes from their diet.
The pigments in crustaceans, particularly carotenoids, are responsible for their vibrant red plumage.
Juveniles are brown and white.
They gradually develop their red coloration as they mature and consume more carotenoid-rich foods.
They are one of the national birds of Trinidad and Tobago.
The Scarlet Ibis appears on the country's coat of arms, symbolizing the nation's natural beauty.
Scarlet Ibises can hybridize with White Ibises
Where their ranges overlap, the Scarlet Ibis and the American White Ibis can interbreed, resulting in offspring with varying shades of pink or orange plumage.
They fly in a V-formation
Like many other bird species, Scarlet Ibises often fly in a V-formation to conserve energy, with each bird benefiting from the updraft created by the bird in front.
Faqs about Scarlet Ibis
What do Scarlet Ibises eat?
They primarily eat crustaceans like crabs and shrimp, as well as small fish, insects, and mollusks.
Where do Scarlet Ibises live?
They inhabit coastal wetlands, mangrove swamps, mudflats, and estuaries in northern South America and some Caribbean islands.
Why are Scarlet Ibises red?
Their red color comes from the carotenoid pigments in the crustaceans they eat.
Are Scarlet Ibises endangered?
They are currently classified as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN, meaning they are not considered to be at immediate risk of extinction. However, they do face threats from habitat loss and other factors.
How long do Scarlet Ibises live?
Scarlet Ibises have a lifespan of about 15 to 20 years in the wild. In captivity, with proper care, they can live even longer, sometimes up to 30 years.
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