Falco peregrinus, commonly known as the peregrine falcon, is native to every continent except Antarctica. This species has a widespread geographical distribution and can be found in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and South America. Specific countries where they are frequently found include the United States, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, Russia, China, India, and many others.

Peregrine falcons inhabit a wide range of environments, reflecting their adaptability. They are often found in open landscapes, including tundra, deserts, savannas, and forests. However, they prefer regions with cliffs or tall structures for nesting, which can include coastal regions, mountain ranges, and even urban areas with tall buildings. Their altitudinal range is vast, from sea level up to high mountain elevations.

The peregrine falcon is a top predator, commonly hunting medium-sized birds in flight. It is known for its remarkable speed and agility, often catching prey mid-air. In cities, they have adapted to preying on pigeons and other urban birds, showcasing their ecological versatility. Subspecies or regional variations may exhibit slight differences in habitat preference or hunting behavior, yet the overall ecological niche of being a high-speed aerial predator is consistent across its range.