The Flat-Coated Retriever is a medium to large, active dog breed known for its glossy black or liver-colored coat. It is highly energetic, friendly, and intelligent, excelling in retrieving games. This breed is often used as a hunting dog due to its excellent sense of smell and agile nature.

The Flat-Coated Retriever is not a wild animal species with a native region in the same way as wildlife species. It is a domesticated dog breed developed in the United Kingdom during the 19th century. The breed's development involved crossbreeding various retriever breeds, including the Newfoundland, Labrador, Setter, and possibly the Collie, to create a dog suitable for retrieving game on both land and water.

As a domesticated breed, the Flat-Coated Retriever does not have a 'natural' habitat, but it thrives in environments where it has ample space to exercise and play. These dogs require regular physical activity and mental stimulation. They are adaptable to various climates but prefer temperate environments where they can engage in outdoor activities.

The ecological niche of the Flat-Coated Retriever, as a domesticated breed, is primarily as a companion and working dog. They are known for their friendly and energetic disposition, making them excellent family pets. Historically, their niche involved roles in hunting and retrieving game, particularly in aquatic settings, due to their strong swimming abilities and keen sense of smell. Today, they are often found in roles that require intelligence and agility, including search and rescue, therapy work, and competitive dog sports.