Gallus gallus, commonly known as the Red Junglefowl, is native to South and Southeast Asia. Its natural range includes countries such as India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

The Red Junglefowl typically inhabits tropical and subtropical forests, including both deciduous and evergreen forests. It thrives in areas with dense undergrowth, which provide cover from predators and food sources. The species prefers environments with plenty of moisture and is often found in regions that experience monsoons or have high rainfall.

Gallus gallus occupies the ecological niche of ground-dwelling omnivores. They forage for seeds, insects, and small animals on the forest floor and play a role in seed dispersion and pest control. Their presence is crucial for the ecological balance, affecting plant community dynamics and insect populations. Adaptations to their environment include a strong beak for pecking and efficient digestive systems for processing a varied diet.