The Gallus gallus domesticus, commonly known as the domestic chicken, is characterized by its vibrant plumage, diverse breeds, and social nature. Originating from the red junglefowl, chickens are omnivorous, foraging for seeds and insects. They exhibit complex behaviors like pecking order and vocal communication, and are integral to agricultural ecosystems.

Gallus gallus domesticus, commonly known as the domestic chicken, is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). The red junglefowl is native to Southeast Asia, specifically regions in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Malaysia.

The red junglefowl, the wild ancestor of the domestic chicken, typically inhabits tropical and subtropical forests. It can be found in dense jungle and forested areas, often near water sources. The environment is usually warm and humid, with abundant vegetation providing cover and food.

The ecological niche of the red junglefowl includes foraging for seeds, insects, and small invertebrates on the forest floor. It plays a role in the ecosystem as both a prey species for larger predators and as a seed disperser. Domestic chickens, having been bred for various human needs, can adapt to a wide range of environments from rural farms to urban backyards, though they thrive best in conditions that mimic their wild ancestors' habitats, with adequate space, food, and shelter.