Haemorhous purpureus, commonly known as the Purple Finch, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution includes parts of Canada, the northern and eastern United States, and occasionally in the Pacific coastal regions. During winter, the species may migrate further south within the U.S., reaching as far as Florida and parts of Mexico.

The Purple Finch primarily inhabits mixed and coniferous forests, preferring edges and openings. It is adaptable and may also be found in orchards, parks, and suburban areas. The species thrives in a range of climates from the colder regions of Canada to the more temperate areas of its winter range in the United States. During breeding season, it favors environments with dense foliage for nesting.

The Purple Finch is a granivore, feeding on seeds, buds, and berries, with a preference for seeds from coniferous trees. It also consumes insects during the summer months, which are an important component of its diet, especially when feeding young. Its role in the ecosystem includes seed dispersal and controlling insect populations.