Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae, commonly known as the New Zealand pigeon or kererū, is endemic to New Zealand. It is found across the country, including the North, South, and offshore islands, with the exception of some areas lacking suitable habitat.

The New Zealand pigeon inhabits a variety of forested environments, including lowland rainforests, montane forests, and coastal forests. These birds can also be found in urban and rural gardens where native plants are present. The typical climate conditions range from temperate to subtropical, with ample rainfall supporting lush vegetation.

As a frugivore, the New Zealand pigeon plays a critical role in seed dispersal within its ecosystem. It prefers habitats rich in native fruiting trees and shrubs, which it relies on for food. Due to its large size, the kererū can consume and disperse the seeds of large native fruits, making it integral to the survival and propagation of certain plant species. The species shows some adaptability to environmental changes, often venturing into modified landscapes like farmlands and urban areas as long as food sources are available.