The common hippopotamus is a large, mostly herbivorous mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa. It inhabits rivers, lakes, and mangrove swamps, emerging at dusk to graze on grasses. Notable for their massive bodies, large mouths, and tusk-like teeth, hippos are social animals often found in groups. Despite their size, they can run surprisingly fast on land and are excellent swimmers.

Hippopotamus amphibius, commonly known as the common hippopotamus or hippo, is native to sub-Saharan Africa. Its geographical distribution historically covered a wide range across the continent, but today it is primarily concentrated in East and Southern Africa, with significant populations in countries such as Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. Smaller populations are also found in West Africa, though these are more fragmented.

Hippopotamuses inhabit areas with abundant water sources, as they spend a significant amount of time submerged to keep their massive bodies cool and hydrated. Their typical habitats include rivers, lakes, and swamps. The climate in these regions is generally tropical or subtropical, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The presence of water is a critical factor for their survival, influencing their distribution and population density.

Hippos play a crucial ecological role in their habitats. They are primarily nocturnal grazers, feeding on grasses during the night. By doing so, they help maintain the grassland ecosystem. During the day, they wallow in water bodies, which helps aerate and fertilize these aquatic systems. Their movement between land and water also facilitates nutrient transfer between these environments. Hippos are well-adapted to their semi-aquatic lifestyle, with physical adaptations such as webbed feet and nostrils that close underwater.