The Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) is native to a wide range across all continents, except Antarctica. Its geographical distribution includes North America, Europe, Asia, North Africa, and parts of Central and South America.

The Barn Swallow typically inhabits open areas with low vegetation, such as fields, farmland, and grasslands. They are often found close to water bodies like lakes and rivers. The species thrives in temperate to subtropical climates, and it avoids heavily forested regions.

Hirundo rustica is predominantly insectivorous, feeding on flying insects, which it captures in flight. It occupies an ecological niche that encompasses both terrestrial and aerial hunting zones, exploiting open areas for foraging. The species is highly migratory, and it adapts its nesting sites depending on the availability of open structures, such as barns and other man-made constructions, where it builds cup-shaped mud nests.